Should Minimum Number Of Beijing Residents Living...

From the June 2016 issue â€Å"Minimum number of Beijing residents living in underground bomb shelters : 150,000 Percentage increase since 2014 in the annual number of reported labor strikes in China : 65 Minimum number of Turks who have been criminally charged for insulting President Erdogan since August 2014 : 1,845 Number of names on Turkey s terrorist watch list in 2014 : 4,800 Today : 37,000 Estimated annual economic cost of tightened border controls to the European Union : $13,000,000,000 Number of cyberattacks directed against the U.S.† (Rivka Galchen, harpers.org) ISIL rocket attacks on Turkey (2016), February 2016 Ankara bombing (Ankara, the capital of Turkey, at least 30 people died and 60 were injured) March 2016 Ankara bombing (Ankara car bomb kills at least 32) 2016 Atatà ¼rk Airport attack (terrorists killed 42 people) 2016 Bursa bombing (injuring 13 people) February 2016 Diyarbakir bombing (209 People Killed, 862 Injured) March 2016 Diyarbakir bombing (killed s even police officers and wounded around two dozen people injured) May 2016 Diyarbakir bombing (May 10 2016-killing 3 people and wounding 45 others, May 12 2016-death toll of 16) May 2016 Dà ¼rà ¼mlà ¼ bombing (16 villagers were killed and 23 villagers were wounded) May 2016 Gaziantep bombing (killed two policemen and injured 22 others) August 2016 Gaziantep bombing (56 people were killed and 66 injured in the attack, 14 of the 66 were critically injured) January 2016 Istanbul bombing (killed 13 people, allShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesbefore in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. ButRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagespractice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they should provide a useful backbone to a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the illustrations and the short caseRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestogether the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) t o trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook

Inspiring Many The True Story Of Walt Disney - 1352 Words

Inspiring Many: The True Story of Walt Disney â€Å"Walt Disney was a dreamer, just a kid who never grew up,† (University Meghan’s Channel†). He took his dreams and made them real in his motion pictures, sharing them with kids and adults around the world. Walt would become the greatest and most powerful innovator in film. His filmmaking and entrepreneurial skills would make him a lasting figure. Born in Chicago December 5, 1901 (Langer), Walt had an incredible dream fulfilling life ahead of him. His parents were Elias Disney and Flora Disney. Just after Walt was born, The Disney family moved to a town in Missouri called Marceline, where Walt would spend most of his childhood. While being one of five kids (â€Å"About Walt Disney†) he started drawing by the time he was seven, selling his works of art to neighbors for money (â€Å"About Walt Disney†). Walt chose to draw pictures of animals and nature in place of doing his schoolwork (JustDisney.com). 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Interesting Quotes About Idioms Free Essays

citaty â€Å"People use idioms to make their language richer and more colorful and to convey subtle shades of meaning or intention. Idioms are used often to replace a literal word or expression, and many times the idiom better describes the full nuance of meaning. Idioms and idiomatic expressions can be more precise than the literal words, often using fewer words but saying more. We will write a custom essay sample on Interesting Quotes About Idioms or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, the expression it runs in the family is shorter and more succinct than saying that a physical or personality trait ‘is fairly common throughout one’s extended family and over a number of generations. † (Gail Brenner, Webster’s New World American Idioms Handbook. Webster’s New World, 2003) ? â€Å"If natural language had been designed by a logician, idioms would not exist. † (Philip Johnson-Laird, 1993) â€Å"Idioms, in general, are deeply connected to culture. . . . Agar (1991) proposes that biculturalism and bilingualism are two sides of the same coin. Engaged in the intertwined process of culture change, learners have to understand the full meaning of idioms. † (Sam Glucksberg, Understanding Figurative Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 2001) ? Shakespeare’s Idioms Shakespeare is credited with coining more than 2,000 words, infusing thousands more existing ones with electrifying new meanings and forging idioms that woul d last for centuries. ‘A fool’s paradise,’ ‘at one fell swoop,’ ‘heart’s content,’ ‘in a pickle,’ ‘send him packing,’ ‘too much of a good thing,’ ‘the game is up,’ ‘good riddance,’ ‘love is blind,’ and ‘a sorry sight,’ to name a few. † (David Wolman, Righting the Mother Tongue: From Olde English to Email, the Tangled Story of English Spelling. Harper, 2010) ? Levels of â€Å"Transparency† Idioms vary in ‘transparency’: that is, whether their meaning can be derived from the literal meanings of the individual words. For example, make up [one’s] mind is rather transparent in suggesting the meaning ‘reach a decision,’ while kick the bucket is far from transparent in representing the meaning ‘die. ‘† (Douglas Biber et al. , Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Pears on, 2002) â€Å"The thought hit me that this was a pretty pathetic way to kick the bucket–being accidentally poisoned during a photo shoot, of all things–and I started weeping at the idiocy of it all. † (Lara St. John) ? The Idiom Principle â€Å"The observation that meanings are made in chunks of language that are more or less predictable, though not fixed, sequences of morphemes leads [John] Sinclair [in Corpus Concordance Collocation, 1991] to an articulation of the ‘idiom principle. ‘ He states the principle thus: The principle of idiom is that a language user has available to him or her a large number of semi-preconstructed phrases that constitute single choices, even though they might appear to be analysable into segments (Sinclair 1991): 110) The study of fixed phrases has a fairly long tradition . . , but phrases are normally seen as outside the normal organising principle of language. Here, Sinclair extends the notion of phraseology to encompass a great deal more of language than it is commonly considered to encompass. At its strongest, we might say that all senses of all words exist in and are identified by the sequences of morphemes in which they typically occur. † (Susan Hunston and Gill Francis, Pattern Grammar: A Corpus-Driven Approach to the Lexical Grammar of English. John Benjamins, 2000) ? Modal Idioms â€Å"Modal idioms are idiosyncratic verbal formations which consist of more than one word and which have modal meanings that are not predictable from the constituent parts (compare the non-modal idiom kick the bucket). Under this heading we include have got [to], had better/best, would rather/sooner/as soon, and be [to]. † (Bas Aarts, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2011) How to cite Interesting Quotes About Idioms, Papers

Exploring Scientific Discourse On Cultural -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Exploring Scientific Discourse On Cultural? Answer: Introduction: Sustainability of a firm represents the efficacy of an enterprise to maintain its productivity and satisfactorily level. The enterprise also holds the responsibility to keep their stakeholders satisfied. Hence, it is mandatory for an enterprise to keep a monitoring system for the same. This paper discusses the development of the sustainability indicators monitoring system. The paper has taken references to the works done in developing the monitoring systems along with their characteristics and efficient indicators described in the same. Cafe Sydney has been taken as the subject of the paper, and the system has been developed for the same. The paper focusses on three key dimensions namely environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors collectively called as TBL (Triple Bottom Line). The paper has been concluded with an evaluation of the environmental dimension along with its limitations. A monitoring system for sustainability evaluates the health of all the operating system and defines the need for development or maintenance of the system (Zhang et al., 2016). The considered subject of the paper is an energy plant, and hence the monitoring system for sustainability of the enterprise should be developed depending on the same. The climate change, the risk associated with the energy firms and other essential factors are to be considered before developing a system for the subject. The monitoring system is developed by taking consideration of environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors as critical dimensions. Some previous works related to the same have been discussed in the following sections along with the strength and limitation of the discussed works. Parmenter, (2015) has defined seven key characteristics of the indicators that a monitoring system should possess. The most considerable of them is the method of collecting and processing data, the purpose of collection, types of data collected, the frequency of collected data. The book offers an insight explaining of the characteristics and have also explained the influence that these indicators propose on the monitoring system. The author has also offered a preferred method for the assessment of the monitoring system in the book. The assessment method suggests that the utility, feasibility, propriety and accuracy should be evaluated to develop a review of the monitoring system. The topics discussed in the book offers a clearer understanding of the same because of the descriptive research on the discussed topics. Rsch et al. (2017) in their paper have discussed the whereabouts of the sustainability of a German energy system. The paper has also discussed over the indicator system for the same and the transition of the energy system. The authors of the paper have adopted the 17 SDGs (Sustainability Development Goals) that had been defined by the United Nations (Rsch et al., 2017). The authors in their article have claimed that the indicator system presented by them is first integrated and comprehensive system that has its basis in the normative values. The paper has also left an opening for further research to determine the impact of indicators on decision making and the political processes. The paper has provided an excellent indicator model for their proposed objective. However, the practicality of the model is still in doubt as a real-world implementation of the model is not being achieved yet. Jurigov Lencssov (2015) discussed the need for a monitoring system for sustainable development in the socio-cultural and mountain tourism in their paper. The authors have established the base of the paper by quoting Tourism destinations are vulnerable to negative impacts of tourism development and thus require a sustainable approach. The paper has taken some references for the work done in the past for the theoretical solution to achieve the objectives of the paper. The authors have done excellent work to suggests the reasons that develop the need for a sustainability model for the tourism industry but lacks in providing any practical work done to achieve the same. The results developed in the paper are based on the previous work done on the same topic and lacks any new data that helps in achieving the defined objective of the paper. The characteristics of a good monitoring system and the features of a useful indicator are shown below (Hk, Moldan Dahl, 2012) (Jurigov Lencssov, 2015). Characteristics Description Reports The system should be able to produce a descriptive report on its findings to further enhance the strategic policies. Indicators The system should be able to produce definitive indicators for the assumed purpose. Identification capabilities It should be capable of identifying the issues and root the identified problems. Cost-Effective The system should be cost-effective for the enterprise in which the system is equipped. Result-driven The developed system should be result oriented. Self-sufficient The system should have the capability to measure selfs performance and intimate the user at times of fault. The need for upgradation of the system should also be considered while developing the system. Supportive of Policy reforms The developed system should not violate the policy reform processes and be in support of it. User-friendly The system should be developed to be user-friendly. Rationality The system should provide analytical reports on the target performance decided for the coming future. System supportive The designed system should be computerised instead of being operated manually. Decision making The power vested with the system should be utilized at management level. Suitable The designed system developed for the considered organisation and not in general. Effective submission The system should be designed to assure that the finding reaches the right hand so that they can be used in maintaining the sustainability. Flaw determination The system should be designed to determine the flaws or the person responsible for the flaw. Method of reporting The method of reporting by the system should be positive and the criticism should be constructive. Table 1: Characteristics of an effective Monitoring system. (Source: Created by Author) The features of an effective indicator have been discussed in the following table (Rosen Kishawy, 2012): Features Description Relevance The indicators should stay relevant to their purpose to reveal the required information about the considered process or the system. Understanding The indicators should adopt a straightforward approach for the output so that it is understandable to both expert and non-expert of the relevant topic. Reliable The output offered by the indicators should offer reliability for further processing. Assessable The data or information required should be accessible and readily available. Table 2: Features of Effective Indicators (Source: Created by Author) Cafe Sydney: The subject of the paper is a Sydney based caf going by the name Cafe Sydney. Established within a converted landmark establishment (Customs House) the history of considered caf goes back to 1845 ("Customs House (former) | NSW Environment Heritage", 2018). However, the caf evolved in 1998 and got a formal opening in 1999. Jan Mckenzie joined the firm in 2000 and led the transformational phase ("Cafe Sydney", 2018). The start was not very positive as the organisation has called the years 2003-2005 as its dark years ("Cafe Sydney", 2018). Those years were the caused due to the redesigning of the Custom for the inclusion of city library and other tenants. In 2005 the organisation took some major steps to towards reformation by introducing new programs namely Caf Sydney Sunday and The Caf Sydney Lounge ("Cafe Sydney", 2018). The good days for the organisation started with the introduction of Todd Cummins (Restaurant manager), James Kidman (Executive Chef) and others ("Our story | Cafe S ydney", 2018). The considered restaurant has a vibrant history with ups and down and in the recent years have proved to be a favourite spot for the food lovers. The problems may also arise when the organisation will try to move from Dunphy Phase 3 to 6. The disaster management plan of the organisation is also in question. The dark years of the firm may occur again due to some uncertain disasters (like natural causes or some accident). Hence, the question for them is are they ready to prevent their dark years from happening again. The firm also lacks behind in sustainability strategy as it does not publish a yearly sustainability report. The hospitality giants like Marriott and Crown Plaza have accepted their social responsibility and developed a sustainability strategy for the same. The hospitality giants are taking different measures to maintain their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability development (SD). CSR refers to the self-propelled model of a firm to maintain their ethica l responsibility towards the society and the economics (Prudhomme Raymond, 2013). However, CSR does not give such importance to the environmental issues. General CSR for a hospitality industry will be used to evaluate the socio-cultural and the economic factors for the management indicators of the sustainability strategy of the considered organisation. The considered organisation, however, uses Dunphy Phase model to maintain their sustainability, and it has been discussed in the following section. Dunphy Phase: The Dunphy phase analysis of an organisation is done to reveal the strategy that a firm equips to maintain their SD (Ganescu, 2012). It offers six distinct phases to offer a glimpse of the organisations approach. The phases are rejection, non-responsiveness, compliance, efficiency, strategic proactive and sustaining corporation. The first Phase refers to the phase where an organisation is non-responsive and offers rejection towards the environmental goods and resources. The second phase comprises of compliance and efficiency which focuses on reducing the risks associated with sanctions, in the case the legal and community criteria are not met (Warwick, Wyness Conway, 2017). Finally, the third phase focuses on the strategic, proactive nature and changes in the business model to sustaining corporation for development of sustainable values in the firm. Caf Sydney has enhanced human sustainability and focus on the supply-chain relationship as a part of this strategy. Specific goals for the environment are also part of the organisations strategy ("Environmental practice | Cafe Sydney", 2018). The environmental practice by the caf is to sustain their goodwill. This step has helped the organisation in maintain a right image among the customers and hence increasing the profitability. The caf is looking forward to introducing innovative tools to gain competitive advantage along with sustainability. To attain the desired result, the organisation should give proper focus on its resources (human and supply chain in this case). HRM (Human Resource management) can help to keep the employees motivated by appraisals and felicitations along with keeping track of them (Crane Matten, 2016). Equipping of sustainable supply chain management (SSSM) will help the considered organisation to maintain an organised supply chain as the latter also holds the responsibility for the sustainable development of an organisation (Crane Matten, 2016). The following adoptions can make the organisation to move up from Dunphy Phase 3 to 6. Methodology: The following sections will be used to create a sustainability monitoring system for the Cafe Sydney. Socio-cultural, economic and environmental indicators will be used to develop the monitoring system. The methodology for the same will also be discussed in the sections following. The method adopted to define the components of the indicators for the monitoring system will be Kolbs learning theory. The applied theory has four stages of operation namely experience, reflection, conceptualisation and test/implementation (Kolb Kolb, 2012). The first step (experience) represents the collection of the data by experiencing a new scenario or reinterpreting an existing one. In the considered scenario, the data have been collected by visiting the subjects website and other websites where the customers of the subject have shared their experience about the firm. Reflection is the second step in the learning process. Here, the data collected is observed while collection and only the useful data for the process are chosen. In this particular scenario, the data related to the environmental indicators are collected as per the papers demand. In the conceptualisation step, the collected data are evaluated to develop the monitoring system (Kolb Kolb, 2012). The data are evaluated by the author based on the sustainability reports of different hospitality industries and their efforts to preserve the environment. The final step will be limited to the theoretical measures as a practical implementation of the system is not possible in the defined scenario. Ethical issues have also been kept into consideration while collecting the data and evaluating them. The data or the result have not been manipulated to develop the desired output. The sustainability reports of other industries are taken for reference purpose, and the data have been copied from the same. TBL Dimension: The socio-cultural, environmental and economic together called as Triple bottom line (TBL) factors for the considered enterprises sustainability will be considered in the following section (Smith, 2012). TBL is termed as 3Ps where the Ps stand for the people, planet and profit. The relevance of the TBL in sustainability is that it offers more efficient corporate governance while increasing the regulatory compliance, hence increasing the efficiency. It also helps in reducing legal risk level and the risk associated with the goodwill of an organisation (Kucukvar et al. 2014). The dimensions individually have been discussed as follows with their relevance for the considered organisation. The economic variable refers the economic value (real or virtual) of an organisation after deduction of all the expenses on the inputs including the tied up capital (Delrue et al., 2012). The economic factors that measure the sustainability of the Caf Sydney are requested customer ratio, the average rate of daily customers in a year, the average time a customer spends at the restaurant, high season (holidays, festive seasons) occupancy rate, average food price, earnings per meal served and others. The relevance of measuring the economic variable is relevance for the restaurant as the restaurant is in the service industry and in service industry one should be aware of the effort involved and the return. This will also help the restaurant to develop a strategy to build a new customer base and maintain the old customer base. Socio-culture performance refers the social responsibility of the organisation towards the society and the culture (Soini Birkeland, 2014). This is relevant for any organisation to maintain their corporate responsibility towards the community that the organisation is associated and hence omitting any chance for the development of chaos. The factors responsible for the measurement of the socio-cultural dimensions are female employment ratio, general managers gender, the organisations contribution towards the development of their culture and its promotion within the organisation, percentage of buying the required necessities for the service from the local vendors, turnover ratio of the supply chain, average expenditure done for the training and educational purpose of the employee, general employee turnover ratio and any other contribution to the society. In the long term, the socio-cultural dimension will help the restaurant to strengthen their position in the locality, and the bond w ith the customer of the same culture will also enhance (Boley Uysal, 2013). The effort put towards the employee, and their families and friends will develop a sense of honesty towards the restaurant. All these factors prove to be of high relevance to the restaurants sustainability. Environmental dimension refers the contribution of the organisation towards the ecological needs (Moldan, Janoukov Hk, 2012). Sustaining the ecology is the responsibility of everyone and in this case especially for the subject, as the restaurant is ecological dependent for their services. The subject is a hospitality industry that depends on the environment for the raw materials (fish, meat, spices and others) (Dief Font, 2012). Energy consumption ratio (electricity, LNG and others), average water consumption, investment and savings in water and energy conservation processes, saving from waste food management (recycling the waste), landscape and protection of the designated area, investment of in the green projects and other such measures are the factors involved in measuring the environmental sustainability of the restaurant. Environmental dimension is the most relevant to the subject as it has been mentioned above that the restaurant is environment dependent. GRI Dimension: Global Reporting Index (GRI) is an organisation that acts independently to assess different firms in understanding the impact they propose and the impact proposed on them on human rights, climate change and the corruption ("Global Reporting Initiative", 2018). Hence, it can be stated that the organisation helps in maintaining the sustainability of an organisation. Caf Sydney should adopt the GRI framework to measure and assess their sustainability. The GRI indicator protocol will assess the caf with its performance indicator (PI) that measures the track of the factors like biodiversity, energy, emission and other. An assessment to this will help the caf to maintain the environmental dimension. ESG metrics of the dimension also enables the organisation to measure CO2 emission, operation and payment situations, financial transparency and others. Assessment: Environmental dimension Indicators Description Measures Limitation Emission The emission of harmful gases like CO2, CO, NO2 and others are considered in it. They are harmful to the ozone layer. Photometer and exhaust gas analyser can be equipped to measure the emission rate. The price and maintenance is a limitation for the equipping of the monitor. Fisheries This describes the plants, animal or water life harmed during the process. It can be measured by equipping biological indicators. Lack of Awareness about the same is its most significant limitation. Water It defines the quantity of water used in the operations of the firm and the quality of water after use. Water conservation plants can be developed as a part of a sustainability strategy. It can be measured by general cubic metres or litres measuring device, and the quality can be measured using ph-meter. High cost and space required along with the reconstruction issues are the limitations for a water conservation plant Waste Waste refers to the waste management strategy. For hospitality industry, it is plastics and the residual foods. Recycling of the waste can be strategies for the sustainability. Zero waste Index can be implemented for the measurement of the waste. The complexity involved with zero method index is its limitation. Land The use of land for the defined purpose, the quality of the soil and keeping a green area within the organisation is involved in the indicator. Architectural design and soil quality measuring tools can be used for the measurement of the tool. The periodical checking of this indicator can prove to be challenging for the organisation. Energy The use of energy (electricity and other sources of powering) is the indicator for the environmental sustainability. Energy meters and the records of before implementing the energy saving models and after can be used for measuring the indicator. There is no specified limitation in measuring or planning for the energy indicator. Table 3: Environmental sustainability indicators (Source: Created by author) Conclusion: The report discussed the sustainability strategy, its importance and the indicators monitoring system using Dunphys phase model. Cafe Sydney was taken into consideration for pursuing the designated objective. The TBL and GRI dimensions were evaluated and derived at the conclusion stating their importance in the sustainability of an enterprise. The report offered an in-depth insight into the environmental dimension of sustainability and discussed the indicators for the same. From all the discussion made above it can be concluded that it is the responsibility of an organisation to fulfil their duties towards the environment and the society. Fulfilling of this duties also helps them in maintaining the sustainability of the organisation. The report also suggests that to upgrade Caf Sydney from Dunphy phase 3 to 6 they can equip HRM and SSSM systems that will help them maintaining their resources and hence a sustainable future Hence, it can be concluded that each organisation should devel op a sustainability strategy for themselves by taking in consideration of the TBL dimensions for a good future ahead. References: Boley, B. B., Uysal, M. (2013). Competitive synergy through practicing triple bottom line sustainability: Evidence from three hospitality case studies.Tourism and Hospitality Research,13(4), 226-238. Cafe Sydney. (2018).Facebook.com. Retrieved 22 January 2018, from https://www.facebook.com/pg/CafeSydney/about/?ref=page_internal Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Customs House (former) | NSW Environment Heritage. (2018).Environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 22 January 2018, from https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/visit/ViewAttractionDetail.aspx?ID=5044985 Delrue, F., Setier, P. A., Sahut, C., Cournac, L., Roubaud, A., Peltier, G., Froment, A. K. (2012). An economic, sustainability, and energetic model of biodiesel production from microalgae.Bioresource technology,111, 191-200. Dief, M. E., Font, X. (2012). Determinants of environmental management in the Red Sea Hotels: personal and organizational values and contextual variables.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,36(1), 115-137. Environmental practice | Cafe Sydney. (2018).Cafesydney.com. Retrieved 22 January 2018, from https://cafesydney.com/learn-about-us/environmental-practice Ganescu, M. C. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, a strategy to create and consolidate sustainable businesses.Theoretical Applied Economics,19(11). Global Reporting Initiative. (2018).Globalreporting.org. Retrieved 24 January 2018, from https://www.globalreporting.org/Pages/default.aspx Hk, T., Moldan, B., Dahl, A. L. (Eds.). (2012).Sustainability indicators: a scientific assessment(Vol. 67). Island Press. Jurigov, Z., Lencssov, Z. (2015). Monitoring system of sustainable development in cultural and mountain tourism destinations.Journal of Competitiveness,7(1). Kolb, A. Y., Kolb, D. A. (2012). Experiential learning theory. InEncyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning(pp. 1215-1219). Springer US. Kucukvar, M., Noori, M., Egilmez, G., Tatari, O. (2014). Stochastic decision modeling for sustainable pavement designs.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,19(6), 1185-1199. Lethlean, J. (2018).Sydneys loss, Melbournes gain.Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 18 January 2018, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/sepia-restaurant-martin-benn-vicki-wild-to-move-from-sydney-to-melbourne/news-story/e932895df42686c69fd1eb021118ef1b Moldan, B., Janoukov, S., Hk, T. (2012). How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets.Ecological Indicators,17, 4-13. Nicol?escu, E., Alpopi, C., Zaharia, C. (2015). Measuring corporate sustainability performance.Sustainability,7(1), 851-865. Our story | Cafe Sydney. (2018).Cafesydney.com. Retrieved 22 January 2018, from https://cafesydney.com/learn-about-us/our-story Parmenter, D. (2015).Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. John Wiley Sons, pg 11-13. Prudhomme, B., Raymond, L. (2013). Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 116-126. Rsch, C., Brutigam, K. R., Kopfmller, J., Stelzer, V., Lichtner, P. (2017). Indicator system for the sustainability assessment of the German energy system and its transition.Energy, Sustainability and Society,7(1), 1. Rosen, M. A., Kishawy, H. A. (2012). Sustainable manufacturing and design: Concepts, practices and needs.Sustainability,4(2), 154-174. Smith, P. A. (2012). The importance of organizational learning for operations sustainability.The Learning Organization,19(1), 4-10. Soini, K., Birkeland, I. (2014). Exploring the scientific discourse on cultural sustainability.Geoforum,51, 213-223. Warwick, P., Wyness, L., Conway, H. (2017). Think of the future: Managing educational change from students' perspectives of an undergraduate sustainable business programme.The International Journal of Management Education,15(2), 192-204. Zhang, K., Hao, H., Chen, Z., Ding, S. X., Peng, K. (2015). A comparison and evaluation of key performance indicator-based multivariate statistics process monitoring approaches.Journal of Process Control,33, 112-126.

Human Cloning Essays - Cloning, Genetics, Developmental Biology

Human Cloning Biological Aspects True human cloning involves taking a somatic cell from a person and removing its nucleus. Then the nucleus of a fertilized egg cell is removed and placed in the somatic cell. This is impossible in humans right now because the somatic cells are specialized and there are many genes that have been switched off in them that we do not know how to turn them back on. This was done with frogs however. The eggs were implanted with the nuclei from the intestinal lining of tadpoles. Most of these frogs died or grew into monsters. Of the ones that did grow normally they were sterile. Embryo splitting or blastomere separation is what is most commonly referred to as human cloning. Embryos in the early stages of development start to divide into cells called blastomeres. The zona pellucida (a protective covering for the egg) is punctured or removed and the blastomeres are separated from each other. Each blastomere is then covered with an artificial zona pellucida. Then each of the blastomeres starts dividing and becomes an embryo. This was attempted by Hall and Stillman in 1993. They used embryos that contained too much genetic information and got as far as 32-cell divisions in some the embryos. At this stage the embryo can be implanted in the womb. Another technique is nuclear transplantation. In this process unspecialized embryonic cells are used and their nuclei are removed. An embryo in the 32-cell division stage has its blastomeres separated and then the blastomere is fused with an egg cell by using an electric current or another method. A possibility for human cloning that has been proposed is that of the embryos that were cloned and not implanted would be frozen for use in a catalog. The child that was born from a cloned embryo would have a picture taken of him/her and placed in a catalog along with a description of the child. Then prospective parents could choose the child that they want, order its embryo, and implant it into the woman's womb. Then after nine months the couple would have their dream child. Something else that has been proposed is that a black market for embryos would arise. In this situation infertile couples could buy a cloned embryo that was stolen or was to be discarded in order to have a child. Embryo splitting could also be used to rid the world of genetic diseases. One could clone their embryo and test one of the clones for a genetic disease. If the embryo tests positive then all of the clones would be destroyed. If the embryo tests negative for diseases then one of the clones could be implanted to produce a healthy child. Ethical Aspects There are many ethical questions that must be answered before cloning becomes a reality. Many of these questions are difficult to answer because all of the facts are still unknown because cloning itself is still in its early stages as a science. Is Human cloning playing God? "And god said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have domain over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every thing that moveth upon the earth... And God saw everything that he made, and, behold, it was very good." Genesis 1:26-28, 31 Well, alot of that depends on perspective religions. Many believe that it is tampering with the work of God, but others believe that it is a miracle of science that will help infirtile couples live the dream of having their own children. Would you be willing to have a cloned child? Even if you or your spouse were infertile, there are still options other than cloning. Why not adopt? With cloned children, it means that there will be other children exactly like the one you have scatered throughout the world. With adoption, the child you

The Panama Canal Essay

The Panama Canal Essay The Panama Canal Essay Example Essay on The Panama Canal: The Panama Canal is an international waterway that stretches up to 50 miles connecting two large water bodies namely the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. The record of Panama Canal dates back in 16th century. The water way has since simplified the passage of ships between these two water bodies cutting across the Isthmus of Panama. Since 1819, the Panama Canal has been a property of Colombia until 1903. The United States of America successfully conducted the construction of the canal between 1904 and 1914 as a result of gold discovered in California in 1848. The construction of the canal was important to reduce time and distance traveled between Pacific and the Atlantic. The initial inhabitants of the canal were Indians and U.S citizens. History states that, in 1869, the French government had attempted to construct the canal after the Suez Canal’s construction was completed; that inspired them but failed. The French had first undertaken a project to create the Suez Canal; a pr oject that was successfully completed without much struggle. This motivated the French to rush into starting the construction of the Panama Canal. This canal was not as easy as Suez Canal because the French did not have appropriate procedures and equipments. Hence, France wasted millions of dollars, and still failed due to factors beyond their control. Before the Canal was built, ships used to travel double the distance through Cape Horn. This was the largest engineering project to be undertaken and successfully completed despite the failure by the French. In present day, the canal plays the role of a commercial venture as well as a link in world shipping (DuTemple 32). Ever since its completion, the canal has seen an increase in ship traffic from 1,000 ships in 1914 to 14,000 in 2008, and approximately 825,000 ships have traveled the canal. Civil engineers of the American society have termed it as one of the wonders of the present world. Although the Panama holds an economic advantage, it has a major disadvantage; large ships such as military battleships, large oil tankers and aircraft carriers cannot pass through the Canal due to its limited size. Fortunately, a 5.2 billion dollar project is underway to be completed in 2014 that aims at expanding the Panama Canal to accommodate much larger ships (Jeong Crittenden and Xu 4). The French failure to construct the canal was based on several challenges. The French had a faulty project that did not take care of basic issues such as the rivers that flooded the canal that would turn constructions difficult. In this project, the French engineers overestimated the time taken to complete as eight years as opposed to ten years for Suez Canal. At the end of the ten years, completion was not in sight, and in fact, abandonment was the decision being considered. Accidents and infirmities exemplified by malaria, as well as yellow fever, claimed approximately 20,000 lives of canal builders. The diseases were rampant because the canal runs through the Panamanian jungle that is infested with dangerous insects like mosquitoes (DuTemple 37). The role that the mosquitoes played in transmitting malaria was not known by then hence high death rate recorded. This was the most serious challenge that made the French quit the project. The mosquito elimination project included identifying and separating patients suffering from different diseases. Burning of sulphur and pyrethrum proved to be effective in eradicating mosquitoes. In addition, the French did not have the right equipment for the heavy-duty job, as the area is volcanic in nature having been constituted of rocky surfaces. The attempt by the French started in the year 1882 with 20,000 men at work and ended in 1892. In 1892, France hired another company to undertake the project but still failed although the second company had good strategies that assisted the U.S in completing the task. Consequently, the French endeavors went bankrupt as a result of loss of experienced people; thus, abandoning the project immediately after nine years of work. Other contributors of failur e include mismanagement of funds and political fraud. Surprisingly, the work completed assisted Americans in completing the task despite the fact that America had an upper hand due to the advancement of technology (Haskin 4). The construction of the canal was negatively influenced by insufficient skills in engineering, organization and sanitation problems. The Victorious Conclusion of the project was due to engineering skills of men like John F. Stephens and health solutions by William C. Gorgas. However, people with such knowledge were few; this slowed the procedures down as few men had knowledge of administration. Other engineering challenges encountered included the amount of digging required, constructing the biggest gates of the time and creating the biggest dam of the time (DuTemple 43). The French design of the Canal had shortcomings like failure to address flooding from river Chagres that restrained construction process. On the other hand, U.S engineers had studied these challenges and came up with a design that overcame most difficulties. Some of the solutions discovered included the construction of a large dam at the mouth of river Chagres. Mosquitoes spread diseases were nearly eliminated by proper sanitation tactics by the U.S (Joeng et al., 8). President Roosevelt was the acting president of the time who presided over appointments of engineers to carry on with the construction. A reservoir lake for the canal was constructed to curb the level of the water issue. The canal constitutes of artificial lakes, artificial channels and sets of locks. Despite all the setbacks involved in the construction of the Panama Canal, there are many advantages and benefits associated with the operation of the canal. The main reason why the canal was built is to ease transportation. Contrary, other effects on the immediate environment are noted. These effects included physical and social-economic impacts. Shipment transportation by road has not proven effective as compared to water transportation for bulk goods. The Panama Canal served a good role in faster transporting of bulk consignment. There were many benefits associated with the canal that still apply even today (Haskin 7). First, the canal provided water used for hydropower production, human utilization, industrial deployment and transportation for inhabitants and countries that bordered the canal. Some uneven sections of the canal provided perfect ground for hydropower production used in homes and industries. These industries also benefited from the readily and easily accessible water for their operations. In addition, Inhabitants of Panama used the water for agricultural purposes to support the industries with raw materials and resources (Cameron and Dodds 3). Microclimatic changes have also been experienced since the construction of the canal. These climatic changes have been positive and negative, as well. In some areas, improved climatic conditions like rainfall have been observed. Developments of forests around the area has also commenced in the area. On the other hand, emergence of industries led to depletion of forest cover to construct the industries. This has seen the area experience long dry spells that are not appropriate for the canal’s water levels. Geographically, this waterway has contributed to cool climate for the surrounding environment hence low evapotranspiration for water conservation while industries have brought dryness. Loss of the ability to capture carbon is another negative impact on the climate. Other effects include exposed soil surfaces, shrubs and lack of pastures (Cameron and Dodds 11). Availability of water has encouraged cattle ranching and exclusive profit-making agricultural practices for residents. This further provides meat industries with raw materials for processing. Support dams and manmade lakes have been built to reinforce water scarcity problem that may arise from prolonged droughts. This has in turn provided further ground to practice agricultural profitable business adding to the economy (Cameron and Dodds 16). The Canal has provoked economic advancement for Panamanians. Income from agriculture and fishing practiced in the surrounding areas has contributed up to 7%of Gross Domestic Product of Panamanian economy. Additionally, 120,000 express and non-express jobs have been created in different sectors. Such sectors include the tourism industry, field of agriculture, fishing and processing industries constructed (Mann 5). Different ideas have been suggested for an efficient construction and expansion of the canal for better presentation. Building of two lock complexes, one on the Pacific side and another on the Atlantic side each constituting three chambers. These chambers should in turn contain three water saving basins. Access channels should be excavated to these new locks and extension of existing channels so that large ships can navigate on them. Suggestions indicate that navigation channels ought to be deepened to provide maximum operating depth. The purpose of expanding the Panama Canal is to preserve and uphold competitiveness of the canal, maintain the importance of the Canal course by making superior benefits for the vast population of Panama. Another objective of expanding the canal is to boost its potential to meet the increasing requirements for transit while working at maximum levels of productivity possible. The key aim in consideration is the ability to allow large ships to transit through the canal as this would enhance the canal output. Maintenance tasks on the ships and other water vessels require adequate space, so that relevant servicing services can be performed. The expansion of the canal would increase room for these tasks and eliminating congestion of ships (Mann 13). Despite of the advantages involved with the expansion of the waterway, there are negative effects to it. Increased ship traffic and building activities would most likely lead to air and noise pollution. Alteration to the current geological features and formation of the canal can lead to landslides and soil movements that in turn cause deaths. Other possible impacts include loss of forestry ability, impact on fauna, and commotion to wild animals, wildlife road kill impact and influence on protected areas. Positive impacts likely to be observed embrace motivation to the economy by improving exports by 10%, fiscal revenues improve by 32%. Job creation is the major challenge facing young people all over the world. Expansion of the canal would call for more work forces hence creation of jobs for citizens and natives. Relocation of people from other areas to Panama would increase due to the advancement in economy aspects. The project is projected to have an impact on infrastructure that includes improvement I the sewerage systems and construction of new roads to cater for inland transit services. Establishment of processing plants would call for the establishment of high voltage power cables to supply enough power to meet Panama’s demands. An increased necessitation to transport goods, vehicle traffic would increase (DuTemple 17). Eviction from industrial areas would be a major issue affecting the minority living in Panama, as business owners would evict residents from their homes to provide ground to build the plant. Before residents get used to new working conditions, accidents related to work would be prone. As experience advanced, accidents reduced by up to half. Experience was enhanced by the busyness of the Canal that called for extra working hours. Advancement of economy goes hand in hand with crime. Crime rate reduces due to availability of employment for all willing citizens. Tourists are a major influence on a country’s economy by contributing to the revenue. Isthmus has steep slopes that are good sites of tourist attraction in Panama. Industrialization always attracts tourists who pay for visiting the country; hence, increase in revenue. Competition between canals has also been analyzed concerning transit numbers. Transit goods are increasing every day; these being the case researchers are viewing the Suez Canal as a proper alternative (Jeong et al 10). Fortunately, disadvantages involved can be solved by having a citizen participation program, risk prevention program and environmental education. For a successful and a sustainable development, interrelations, citizen participation and environmental conservations should be observed. If a persistent problem were found, an alternative to that would be a wise decision. You can easily buy a high-quality essay online on The Panama Canal at . All custom essays are written from scratch. High quality and plagiarism free guarantee!

Pathophysiology of Malabsorption Syndrome (at the cellullar, tissue Research Paper

Pathophysiology of Malabsorption Syndrome (at the cellullar, tissue and organ level) - Research Paper Example And lastly the transport system of these necessary elements can be affected because of which these nutrients would not be going inside. At the cellular level the malabsorption syndrome can occur due to destruction of cells of pancreas or liver which would produce the necessary juices for the digestion of nutrients. The primary mucosal cell abnormalities can cause deficiency in the transport system of the nutrients. Bacteria can overgrow in these mucosal cells which can cause deficiency of the necessary nutrients. Individuals with Malabsorption syndrome would commonly show signs of diarrhoea, flatus and pain in abdomen. This would be generally seen in individuals who have excessive secretion of intestinal juices. Similarly the hematopoetic system of that individual would also be affected because of the lack of nutrients. Lack of red blood cells and bleeding can occur at such instances. The endocrine system can also be affected of the individual through lack of the nutrients required for hormones. Calcium levels can be affected because of lack of Vitamin D and this can further lead to hyperparathyroidism. Individuals with Malabsorption syndromes show problems with their epidermis and skin because of lack of nutrients required for the development of skin. Nervous system is also affected in this syndrome such as in the deficiency of Vitamin A and B12. The treatment for malabsorption Syndrome depends on the exact cause of the disease. That is if the intraluminal digestion is affected then the exact cause of that defect should be discovered first. If a nutrient is deficient in the body it would be given orally or intravenously to the patient. Enzyme deficiencies can be tackled with treatment from oral or injected enzymes. Similarly the growth of bacteria in the cells can also be stopped by giving antibiotics. Some examples of Malabsorption syndrome are pancreatitis,

Market Report on Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Report on Australia - Essay Example Vast resource endowment and strong export sector allows the economy to be one of the influential participants in international trade. After the occurrence of the global financial crisis, all financial activities within the economy are strictly supervised that eliminates any chance of unscrupulous financial transaction. However, there are risks associated with this economy due to the easy monetary and fiscal policy implementations. This paper presents a study on the economic prospects of Australia and their effects on the country’s financial market. 2. Economic prospects 2.1 Recent developments and the present situation Australia is the 13th largest economies in the world in terms of GDP measure. In the Asia Pacific region the country ranks third in terms of GDP after China and Japan. Australia boasts of having one of the most robust national political frameworks among the developed countries in the world. Over the last five decades, the country has developed strong economic in stitutions in the world and has a very competitive business sector operating internationally. Recently Australia has been recognised as a continent with a wide reserve of natural resources and it is currently enjoying the position of one of the largest supplier of natural resources and raw materials in the world, such as, coal and iron ore. Steady economic growth in the continent has been aided by this resource boom. Trade in such abundant resource sector accounts for approximately 9.6 per cent of the total economy of Australia. The remainder of the economy is comprised of the construction sector (7.7%), manufacturing sector (9.1%), and financial services sector (11.0%). This distribution depicts that the major sectors in the equity market in Australia are financial services sector with 32% share and natural resources sector with 31% share (Treasury, 2012). At present Australia enjoys a concrete positive international standing. The largest trade partners of the continent are the Uni ted States, Japan and China. Although China is still a developing economy, it is one of the fastest growing economies of the world and competes strongly with the other developed nations. The countries that make the largest amount of investment in Australia are the United Kingdom and the United States. These two countries are also the leading capital markets in the world. The financial services industry in Australian is well developed and highly-regarded due to its innovativeness. This stems from the fact that the country has one of the world’s most developed capital market. According to the data published by the World Economic Forum, Australia ranks 5th among the countries having most modern financial systems and advanced capital markets in the world. Currently Australia’s equity market has A$1.2 trillion market capitalization (on the basis of free-float market capitalization). On a daily basis, the average secondary trading extends upto A$5 billion in a normal day. Th e Australian dollar is one of the most traded currencies in the international market. This shows that the country’s foreign exchange market is quite strong and has high global turnover in this market. 2.2 Economic growth prospects The economy of Australia has experienced high and uninterrupted rate of economic growth over the period of the past ten years. This growth rate has been facilitated by a number of factors, such as, low level of inflation, low unemployment rate, significantly low public debt and most importantly stability in the

Course Work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course Work - Coursework Example The moral hazard problem occurred as a result of asymmetric information after transaction happens and prompts dispute of interests. It is the hazard that borrower in a monetary contract has the motivating forces to participate in hazardous activities that are making it more difficult that the loan amount will be paid back. On the off chance that there is no asymmetry in the data that a lender and a borrower had, which implies the lender can keep enlightened about the borrower whereabouts and screen borrower to follow the terms of the transaction they agreed upon. There should not have the problem of moral hazard. Yet, as a general rule, if financial intermediaries proceed as a lender, to set up a refined and frequently monitor system for every individual borrowers may cause a tremendous cost for financial organizations, or significantly bigger than the loss from the expected default hazard (Dionne and Lasserre). Moreover, if a monetary organization works as a borrower, the administration can limit the trading on insider trading on the biggest stockholders, yet different representatives in the organizations, for example, directors and senior managers might additionally increase profit from the special data which could influence the offer value when unveiled, and trades generate profit or evade losses before the public be informed of the data. Since these data are internal and confidential, therefore, it is hard for potential investors to get knowledge from this and cannot evade the hazard issue from it. Consequently, the problem will still exist (Dionne and Lasserre). In 2008, as a financial crisis began to unfold in the United States, the FDIC raised the limit on insured losses to bank depositors from $100,000 per account to $250,000 per account. How would this help stabilize the financial system? As the 2008 financial crises occurred due to the failure of financial institutions like Lehman Brothers

Psychological Contract And Motivational Problems Management Essay

Psychological Contract And Motivational Problems Management Essay The recent change of management at Wingos incorporating the new mission statements has seen a lot of changes with employees both the managers and non-managers. This report will analyse the current issues at Wingos (Reading Store), what as gone wrong, why it has gone wrong and how to make it better. The acquisition of Wingos by Melrose Plc has brought about a drastic change which has seen a change in the management style. Staffs have embraced this change with resentment and resistance which will be outlined in the report. Some staffs have become disillusioned and left while some had decided to stay and resist the changes and this as seen a great rise in lateness and absenteeism as well as low productivity. The fundamental areas addresses are the psychological contract, motivation and the management problems. This report has been structured in the following way. The first part addressed the issues with the use of relevant theories and research. The second part draw up conclusions on the findings and analysis and finally, the third part of the report suggested some attainable recommendations. One major problem identified with Wingos is the psychological contract. The psychological contract has been broken on both the management and the employees side. According to Robinson, Kraatz, Rosseaus(1994) the psychological contract is an unwritten agreement that exist between employers and their employees, meaning what employers expects from it employees and what the employees expect of their employers (Mullins, 2005). As well as the managers expectation of the staffs such as displaying a positive attitude, be responsive to leadership influence and working diligently, the employees also expects the management to be fair, trustworthy and create opportunities for development (Boddy, 2008). Before the new management started, the staffs dwell on the old psychological contact which is I will work hard for and act with loyalty towards my employer. In return I expect to be retained as an employee provided I do not act against the interests of the organisation. I also expect to be given opportunities for development and promotion should circumstances make this possible. (Torrington et al, 2008). The new Wingos management have broken this psychological contract. Staffs who had joined straight from school and having the impression for a job for life, hoping to stay until retirement and get promoted according to their length of service has seen all of this taken away from them. This has resulted to lack of commitment from staffs as well has lack of motivation. Some of the staffs believe the new management has broken the psychological contract and this can be supported by Parks Kidder (1994) who suggest that when the psychological contract is broken, staff reduce their commitment to the organisation and some of them are less willing than ever to give their all for the good of their organisation. (Cited in www.internationalmta.org). Some staff playing by the old psychological contract became disillusioned and left the organisation whilst some staff decided to stay and resist the changes. This action can be supported by Herriot and Pemberton (1995) where they describe a typical reaction to breach of the psychological contract as to leave to stay or keep your head below parapet, or to stay and take your revenge. Some of the staffs that decided to stay and resist the change can be seen as taking revenge against the management and by doing this, it could lead to de-motivation and can result in low productivity and high absenteeism. B. MOTIVATIONAL PROBLEMS Motivation is one of the major problems Wingos is facing currently. De-motivation has been made obvious by the attitude and behaviours of the staff after the change in management. Motivation is very important to Wingos because there are a lot of potential gain from it such as high productivity, low labour turnover and low absenteeism. It is obvious from the staffs that they are de-motivated seeing from their performance as well as the stores performance. There is evidence that staff had low morale and according to Herzberg 2 factor theory (1959) the staffs wants to have a sense of achievement, and chance of improvement (Mullins, 2005). Staffs come in whenever they want, the shop floor looks generally untidy which reduces productivity and staff are not in agreement. 1. Low Productivity: Less motivated staffs tend to have low productivity. It is evident that the traditional Wingos and the new Wingos have productivity issues. With the traditional Wingos profit had fallen drastically which lead to the new system but despite productivity did not improve. The lack of motivation has resulted in some staff delivering reduced level of productivity. Low productivity could be as a result of various factors. Such factors includes competency (www.team buildinginc.com) that is the staffs from the traditional Wingos had fairly routine work and not particularly challenging, which means they were not really interested in the root of how to carry out their work. And in the new Wingos, conversations with various staffs have made it clear that staffs find it difficult to do their job properly because of general lack of training. Taylor (1911) motivation theory describes how the application of scientific methods to the management of workers could improve productivi ty. (www.netmba.com). He also went ahead to argue that workers need close supervision and control to enjoy there work and they should be given the necessary training in other for them to work efficiently. McGregors (1960) Theory X supports this reaction that workers are viewed as lazy and wish to avoid responsibility (www.tutor2.net). Another factor which can cause low productivity is the productivity standard (www.teambuildinginc.com). It is evident at Wingos that there has been lack of communication between the staff and their line managers and the line managers with their district manager. There are no set standards or clear definition of the standard performance and this could result to de-motivation amongst staff. Locke (1975) supports this reaction to identify this motivation behaviour. According to Lockes goal- setting theory Wingos staffs have been de-motivated because there is no clear goals on what they need to achieve to increase productivity and there is no appropriate f eedback on why there has been decrease in their productivity (Mullins, 2005). 2. Lateness and Absenteeism: Following the acquisition by Melrose Plc and the introduction of new ways of doing things and also the break in the psychological contract, there has been a marked increase in lateness and absenteeism. This lateness and absenteeism increase could be as a result of various factors such as stress. Mitch McCrimmon in his article on How to Manage Absenteeism states that Motivated employees overcome obstacles to make it to work. The key to reducing employee absenteeism is to create a culture where employees want to come to work. (www.suite101.com). He also mentioned that factors such as stress keep staffs away from work because they are not motivated enough to be at work in the first place. Signs and Symptoms of stress within Wingos staffs includes low morale, absenteeism, performance (levels of produce wastage were high), relationship at work (tension and conflict between colleagues) etc. According to Vroom (1964) motivation theory, he believes that all three core concept of his expectancy theory must be met for staffs to be motivated. Currently, staffs at Wingos are not getting the intrinsic rewards they expect such as caring managers. All of this could lead to stress and as a result lateness and absenteeism is common. 3. Lack of Team Spirit: Another problem identified was the lack of team spirit. Staff are not seen to be productive because they are seen working on their own and there was less practiced of team working. The lack of team spirit as seen, as resulted to staff feeling de-motivated and lacking direction. One staff cannot do a teams work and if the team is not working together, individual will become stress which could lead to de-motivation and the task will not be achieved. This can be supported by Adairs model of leadership function that a task needs to be achieved by not one person but a team, the team needs should be met because if not met, an individual will be dissatisfied which could lead to de-motivation and the performance of the task will be impaired (www.teambuilding.co.uk). This therefore suggests that, management has set up teams and has not directed in the right way and therefore leaving the staffs de-motivated. 4. Personality Issues: Huczynski and Buchana(2007) defines personality has The psychological qualities that influence an individuals characteristic behaviour patterns in a stable and distinctive manner. (cited in Armstrong,2009) The differences in an individual can determine what motivates them. Every person is different from every other person in some respects but similar in other respects. As it can be seen with the staffs, some staffs left the company because the psychological contract of promotion was broken while some staff stayed behind to resist the change. C. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS 1. Leadership Style/Management Structure: One major issue identified is the leadership and management style. About.com 18/11/09 defines leadership as the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal (www.about.com). The current situation in Wingos suggests that there is a fault with the leadership because, rather than the employees getting motivated, they have been de-motivated. According to Carnall (2007) when problems such as low motivation and low morale of employees, conflict between departments as seen amongst full-time and the weekenders and lack of capacity to adapt to changing circumstances as seen with the staffs generally occurs then there is a reason to conclude that the structure of the organisation is poor (Carnall, 2007). It has become obvious that most of the staff in regardless of their working time or days have found the top-down management style oppressive. According to Kotter (1990) Management is more to do with planning, controlling and putting appropriate structures and systems in place while leadership is more to do with anticipating change, coping with change and adopting a visionary stance. (McKenna, E 2001). Before February 2008, the management style that exists was the Laissez- Faire style. Managers provided little or no direction and gives staffs as much freedom as possible. After March 2008, the management adopted the autocratic leadership style. Manages retain as much power and decision making and did not consult staffs or allowed them to give any input. Herzbergs (1966) two factor theory supports this behaviour that before the change, staffs were motivated by the motivators (satisfier) such as chance of promotion, sense of achievement, interest in the job etc. While after the change, with the hygiene factors such as pay, company policy, the kind of supervision etc do not lead to higher levels of motivation but without them there is dissatisfaction (www.accel-team.com). Scholl (1981) claims that pay alone will not motivate an individual (Mullins, 2005). 2. Performance Management System (PMS): The critical factor of bringing this change in to place is to have the right number well trained staff and motivated. As a result of this change, the opposite of the aim was evident. Staffs were easily de-motivated and lost their morale which can be seen as a result of the managers behaviours. The managers assume according to McGregor Theory X (1960) that employees must be threatened with punishment to get them to put in adequate effort at work (Thomson, 2002). The staffs felt the system is unfair and this is as a result of improper use by the managers. This is an evidence of the autocratic leadership style. The managers can be seen not consulting the staffs or allowing them to give any inputs. The system that has been put in place to benefits the company, the managers and the staffs by seeing to the needs and development of staffs has been used improperly. Some studies over the past years shows that this type of leadership could see organisati on having high turnover and absenteeism and this is evident at Wingos. (www.essortment.com) 3. Lack of communication: Wingos has introduced a drastic change following being part of Melrose Plc. The management style had change. There is no evident to suggest that staff were fully enlightened about the new changes introduced. One main complaint identified was that there is lack of communication between employees and the management and even within the managers and the next level up. 4. Lack of training: Staffs had not been properly trained on the new changes and this has reduced their output and not able to do their jobs properly. CONCLUSION The analysis and findings concludes that staffs have become de-motivated as a result of the drastic change in the management and leadership style. The change has caused insecurity amongst the staffs such as staffs leaving and some staying back to resist the change. Psychological contract as been broken and which has seen some staff left the company and there has been low productivity. This is supported by Parks Kidder (1994). Managers had used tools such as Performance Management System which is supposed to motivate staff to de-motivate them. There has been lack of communication which has resulted to staffs being resentful and resisting change. All this issues needs to be addressed for the company to be successful. If not resolved, there could be a further decrease in productivity, increase in absenteeism and staff loss to competitors. In other for all of this to be resolved, there are key areas that need to be addressed, such as the psychological contract, motivation of staffs and the management style. RECOMMENDATION Psychological Contract Due to the fact that, the psychological contract is perceived to have been broken, a new contract should therefore be established. Rousseau and Greller (1994) describe the psychological contract as a contract that encompasses the actions employees believe are expected of them and what response they expect in return from the employer.'(Cited in www.gowerpublishing.com). The only way for staffs to be aware of the actions expected of them by the management and what response they expect in return from the management is by undertaking a staff survey, to be completed by both staffs and managers. This should help identify the expectation from both staff and could help understand the new contract. Effective Change For an organisation to be successful when carrying out changes, there are three necessary conditions to be met which includes awareness, capability and inclusion (Carnall, C). It is important for staff to be aware of the changes that are going to take place in any organisation because according to Mayo (1949), he concluded that workers are best motivated when there is better communication between them and their managers. (www.tutor2u.net). As well as communicating with staffs, if they are included in the decision making, they are more likely to accept change. Staffs also need to be capable and be sure they know what is required of them and this can only be effective if staffs are given adequate training. Therefore, it is recommended that staffs should be well informed by having regular meetings with their line managers (this can bridge the gap between the full-time staffs and the weekenders and also create good team spirit), staffs should be well trained in other for them to do their jobs accurately and should be involved with decision making by creating suggestion boxes and implementing some of the suggestions. And if a suggestion is used, the staff should be rewarded. Employee Appraisal It is recommended that, the management re-visit the PMS which is to see to employee appraisal rather than punishment. Staffs needs to understand why the PMS has been put into place and what benefits are available for them in it. Staffs have different personality and are diverse in their own way and managers needs to understand the individual needs of their staffs. Following a staff appraisal, knowing that the managers are aware of their personal needs and goals, they will tend to be more motivated, and in return there will be high productivity, high labour turnover and staff retention. Relationship The managers should develop an interest in their staffs by getting to know them, their way of life and their families. According to a CIPD survey, a good relationship between employees and line manager is the most important factor for motivating staff and establishing a positive psychological contract (Thomson, 2002). The staff appraisal can also build the relation between the staff and their managers. One of the benefits of appraisals is that, staffs experience improved relationship with their managers and vice versa (Thompson, 2002). This recommendation can help build the gap between the workforce by creating a good team spirit. Monitoring Absence Staffs sickness absence should be monitored. It is recommended that line managers should interview staffs when they return back to work to identify the reason for their sickness. And if the sickness is work related, managers should ensure that the situation is dealt with appropriately. Management Training The type of leadership style recommended at Wingos is the Democratic style. Before February 2008, the type of leadership practiced was the Lassie Faize style which saw the company going down. After March 2008, the new management introduce the autocratic style which saw staff de-motivated and some staff left the company. Introducing the democratic leadership style, will increase motivation amongst staff and staffs will support the vision of the company and the company generally will see growth. Therefore, all managers should be trained on how to motivate their staffs and learn the approach of the democratic or participative leadership style. Although this is a good recommendation as it will see increase in staff inputs towards Wingos, however cost of training should be considered. Exit Interviews Retention of employees should be addressed by interviewing staffs before they leave to identify why they are leaving. If the reason for leaving is given, it should be dealt with in a positive way and it should be treated discreetly. Although some staffs may choose not to disclose their actual reason of leaving, it is highly recommended that manager doing the exit interview should not be well known to the staff leaving. This is because staffs tend to open up more when they are in a neutral environment.

Ellen Foster :: Free Essays

Kaye Gibbons, the author of the novel Ellen Foster, believes that a quote from the Emerson’s â€Å"Self Reliance† is connected with Ellen’s struggle to survive and find her way in the world. The first line of this quote says, â€Å"Cast the bantling on the rocks† is related to Ellen herself. A bantling is an abandoned child. Ellen is a bantling even though she was not abandoned, she was deprived of a normal childhood. Her life as a child was extremely hard, physically and emotionally. She never had a mother or father take care of her through her entire youth. You could say that her childhood was â€Å"cast on the rocks†. The last line reads, â€Å"Power and speed be hands and feet†. This reminds me of how Ellen ran from her problems at home and stayed away from her house as much as possible. The line also represents strength and Ellen was a strong person. She dealt with losing a mother, father and grandmother within one year. She never even h ad a good relationship with her father or grandmother. The short inscription to â€Å"Self Reliance† is almost a short summary of Ellen’s character. In it, a child without parents is raised by someone that is a lot different than she is. After Ellen’s mother died, she is unwillingly left with her alcoholic father who mistreats her. Ellen spent a lot of time at her friend, Starletta’s house and at the house of her grandmother. Life with her grandmother was no better than life with her father. She did not want to be in either situation. After living with her grandmother, Ellen’s struggle to find a suitable, comforting home comes to an end. For the second time in her life, a family member has died right next to her, basically in her arms. Ellen is able to overcome this, even as a